Between the 17th and 19th centuries, the Church in Vietnam endured one of the longest and most brutal persecutions in its history. Several emperors, including Gia Long, Minh Mạng, Thiệu Trị, and Tự Đức, promulgated anti-Christian edicts prohibiting: the practice of the faith, the presence of foreign missionaries, the construction of churches, baptism, and catechism. Christians were forced to trample on a crucifix to prove they renounced their faith. Those who refused were arrested, tortured, imprisoned, or executed. It is in this context that the luminous figure of Saint Andrew Dũng-Lạc emerges, surrounded by numerous Vietnamese martyrs and foreign missionaries.
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